Assu u Baslam, Asâd n Bugafer

Assu u Baslam, Asâd n Bugafer

Isem nnes n tidett d àisa u àli n Ayt Baslam, ar as qqaren Assu yegan asegzel n àisa. S dat ad nesawel ghef tmeddurt nnes, d uyen akw yessker umazigh a ghef tlelli d uzarug n tmazirt nnes, ad nesawel ghef udrum mi idêfar, d temenâdtt g ddren Ayt àttâ nettni d iqbilen yâden.

Adrum mqquren n Ayt àttâ yedder umata degsen g ugwemmâd ashêrawi n Adrar Atlas (Draa, Tafilalt, Saghru...) maca wiyyâd, winna mi qqaren Ayt Umalu zedghen g Zawiyt n Uhênsâl, Azilal d temnâdin yâden.Yumêz cigan udrum n Ayt àttâ g izerfan n imazighen. Zik, ssekren Tafrawt nnsen g Saghru, dinna g yella Ighrem Amazdar yefferun akw imenghan yettilin ger medden s uzref. Dinna ag ittili umghar n ufella, anezzarfu ameqran yessenen Tiaàqqidin n uzref n Ayt àtta. Amghar n ufella, yella yettenbâd yan useggwas, yettusmattey ussan n tefsut g useggwas tid îdfaren. Adday d yettey useggwas, da ttemtawan ghef umghar n tmazirt d win ufella. Imgharen llan ttubeddalen ku aseggwas s twala d umsasa ger ighsan n Ayt àtta. (élection du chef par rotation et complémentarité).

Assu u Baslam yella d amghar n tmazirt n Ayt Ilemcan. Gwmas Bassu, yella yessagh d imrigen d lbarûd seg Merrakwec ar tend yattawey ar tamazirt. Akud nnagh, urta n kcimen irumiyen tamazirt n Ayt àttâ. Ur djin yemsasa Assu u Baslam d lbaca n Merrakwec mi qqaren El Glaoui, netta d ufus nnes ayeffas Muhaddach u Lêhadj Faska. Yella Uglawwu yumêz cigan n teqbilin luqt nnagh ddaw tenbâdt nnes, maca ur djin ighiy ad en yawêd adrar n Saghru.

Seg 1916 ay yurem Uglawwu ad yekcem Atlas anammas, maca ur t udjin iqbilen n imazighen ad en yessawêd tanbâdt nnes ar ghursen.

Yekker urumy yessuter deg Uglawwu ad yerrêz Taghya n Tudgha acku urta telli akud nnagh ddaw tenbâdt n urumiy. Yara yas Lyautey i Uglawwu yuwt tebratt, yefk as 2000 Frank bac ad yerrêz tiqbilin n Ayt àttâ n Dadess d tin Taghya n Tinghir. Yekker d Uglawwu netta d medden nnes seg Merrakech, yeggez ghef temnaâdt nnagh, ar rêzzan ighsan n Ayt àttâ yan deffer

Wayêd seg useggwas n 1930 ar 1932. Yerêza Uglawwu Ayt Slillu, Ayt Unir, Ayt Isful n Tebesbast, Ayt Budawd n Tazarin, Ayt Wallal n Zagura...

Aseggwas n 1932, yerêza Uglawwu amata g Ayt àttâ. Amghar meqquren nnsen akud nnagh U Lkisan, yemmut netta d àddi Kheyyi seg 1926. Nnghan ten Ayt àttâ acku gan afus d Uglawwu! Ayt Xebbac nittni, seg 1918 ayen illanttenaghen d irumiyen g Tefilalt. Llig yerêza Uglawwu amata degsen, munen Ayt àisa u Brahim, Ayt Xebbac, Ayt Yaàzza d wiyyâd, ddun gher adrar n Bugafer. G Taghya, tamazirt n àssu u Baslam, yella umghar n Ilemcan yettewet g taghma s yuwt tadwat ass g llan ttenaghen d ihêrkiyen n Uglawwu. Llig d uwêden irumiyen Tizi n Taddart tama n Warzazat, yengha degsen àssu u Baslam 18 n benadem, degsen lqebtân n irumiyen, yasey asen akw imrigen nnsen, yasey asen iserdan. G imenghi nnagh, llan uwsen as Ayt Xebbac. Alin akw igrawalen gher Ighrem amazdar yellan g Taghya n Ilemcan g Saghr, aseggwas n 1932. Akud nnagh ay yaghul àssu u Baslam d amghar n ufella. Ur yezmir Uglawwu ad en yawed Bugafer. Smunen irumyen kigan n iqbilen yellan ddaw tenbâdt nnsen, dêfuren àssu u Baslam gher Saghru aseggwas n 1933.

Imenghi n Bugafer ay sskenen i irumyen atig n imazighen. Ur ghiyen irumiyen ad rrun Ayt àttâ mer ur id kra n icekkamen n temazirt ad asen yuwsen (Service de renseignements des affaires indigènes) n lqebtân Spillmann. Icekkamen ay asen yemlen tigharasin n Saghru Sekenen asen adghar g tella teghbalut g ttagmen imghewghen aman. Ghas yuwt teghbalut a yellan g udrar, skeren irumiyen asdar tama nnes, ar tteqelen ad en ggwezen igrawalen.

Ass n 21 fbrayer 1933, deg udrar n Bugafer, uznen irumiyen snat tikkal imazanen ad sawlen d àssu u Baslam, maca yerura tend.. Dinnagh ay yemmut lqebtân Bournazel (28 febrayer 1933). Yella leàsker n irumiyen s 83000 n bnadem g llan igumiyen d lhêrka. 44 n isufag ayen yettaylalen seg Warzazat ar kkaten adrar n Saghru s lkurr. Llan Ayt àttâ luqt nnagh nittni s 1200 n bnadem... llan akw ighsan n Ayt àttâ g imenghi nnagh. Imenghi amezwaru yekka ass n 21 febrayer 1933. Ilin krâd yâden ussan n 24, 25, d 28 fbrayer, yemmut degs Bournazel, nnan ak yettewet s yuwt tadwat n nneqwert gher ighzdisen tecerreg as tasa, yamêz yuwt titi s iselli fella n ixef. Llant twetmin tekkurent lbarûd g imrigen n iregzen nnsent g imenghi nnagh.

Ass amezwaru deg Mars 1933, ggwezen irumiyen s isufag d lkurr ghef udrar n Saghru, acku nghan akw Ayt àttâ imazanen n irumiyen meqqar gan awed imrabêden. Yenna yak lqayd àli is ur id irumiyen a yerran Ayt àttâ, ur ghefsen yeffigh ghas Ayt àttâ ihêrkiyen d igumiyen yellan ddaw tenbât n irumiyen. Nnan asen icekkamen i irumiyen ad adjen igrawalen ar adday ur ghursen d yeqqimi lbarud, yenegh ten fad, hat add teggwezen yuwen deffer wayêd. Ayennagh a yessekren.

Ass n 10 g Mars, ggwezent ed mraw n txamin n Ayt Unebgi d Ayt Yaàzza ad tteren lhena I Spillmann. Cigan degsen yella yettutres g imenghi. Ar asen tteggan irumiyen asafar i izmulen nnesen.. Ass n 25 g Mars, yeggwez ed àssu u Baslam seg Bugafer ad yemtawa d irumiyen. Sersen igrawalen imrigen nnesen dat Jenninar Huré, Gatroux d Giraud. Sersen dat asen 174 n umrig bu yuwt titi mi qqaren Grass model 1874. Yemda imenghi n Bugafer. Mmuten degs 3500 n bnadem seg ugwemmâd n irumiyen degsen 10 n ifesyanen. Temmut 1300 g Ayt àttâ. Winna yemmuten udren asen akw dinnagh g udrar. Sekren irumiyen yuwt teflut yeqqiman g udrar nnagh ar 1965 ay tt kkesen, aran fellas: "A la mémoire des officiers, sous-officiers, caporaux, soldats, goumiers et partisans des troupes mobiles des confins et de Marrakech tombés glorieusement dans les durs combats du djebel Saghro ".

Yemda imenghi, yaghul àssu u Baslam d amghar n udrum n Ayt àttâ. Maca qbel ad yesers imrigen, yecrêd i Huré kra n isekkinen degsen:

• Ad yessurf urumiy medden n Ayt àttâ ghef uyenna akw yezrin,
• Ad ur yettenbâd Uglawwu g tmazirt n Ayt àttâ,
• Ad yettyakez uzref n Ayt àttâ, adjen ten ad sers ferrun ger medden g tmazirt nnsen,
• Ad ur sar ttaghent ist àttâ n Saghru âhidus g lfictât n lmexzen d irumiyen.

Qeblen irumiyen ccrûd n àssu u Baslam, meqqar ur asen yeàjjib wenna crêden ghef Uglawwu. Yaghul àssu u Baslam d ameqran n uzerf g Ighrem amazdar, ar ferrun ger medden s teàqqidin n Ayt àttâ. Deffer, yaghul àssu u Baslam d amghar n ufella.

Maca, g "listiqlal" yettubeddel uzref g tmazirt n Ayt àttâ s ccariàa. Ayennagh a ur djin yukiz àssu u Baslam, yenna yak magh allig ur yad da ttilin imeggilla ghur bu lêhudjat am zik. Ur yessin magh allig smutteyen imeggilla s inigan?? Yenna yak magh is da ttilin inigan tama n wenna yeran ad yessker ka n ubekkâd?? Magh da ttilin inigan tasga n umaker?? Yukez urumiy azref n Ayt àttâ, acku imeggilla llan g insayen nnsen seg zik, ayennagh a yudjan àssu u Baslam ad yesres imrigen yeqbel lhena d irumiyen.

Yaghul àssu u Baslam d lqayd, ifek tagallit i Mohammed V ghef lquran. Yemmut wasâd n Bugafer ass n 16 ghuct 1960, aderen as g tmazirt nnes Taghya n Ilemcan. Ar assa, sulen Ayt àttâ, d medden akw yehêmlen tilelli da ttezûren tindêlt nnes g udrar n Saghru.

Yara tt: Yeshou
(Ittyasay g ughmis amadâl amazigh)

Timitar

HUEE (Gl A.) La pacification du Maroc: dernière étape, 1931-1934. Paris, Berger, Levraut, 1952.

SPILLMANN (Cap. Georges), Les Ait Atta du Sahara et la pacification du haut Draa. Publication de l’Institut des hautes études marocaines, t. XXIX, Rabat, 1936.

SPILLMANN (Gl Georges), Souvenir d’un colonialiste. Paris. Presse de la Cité. 1968.

THET (Lt). le tribunal coutumier d’appel des Ait Atta du Sahara à Ighrem Amazdar dans le Saghro. Ms. CHEAM, mémoire de fin de stage, n° 94, 23 novembre 1951.

HART (David M.) A Customary Law Document from the Ait Atta of the Jbel Saghro. Revue de l’Occident musulman et la Méditerranée, I, 1966, pp92-112.

DAVID HART. Assou ou Baslam de la résistance à la "pacification" au Maroc. Les Africains Tome V. Sous la direction de Charles André Julien et Magali Morsy. Editions J. A. Paris 1977 (51, avenu des Ternes, 75017 Paris).

NB de Moha Arehal, cet article a été pris dur le site www.Mondeberbere.com